答案:外键:`FOREIGN KEY (column_name) REFERENCES parent_table(column_name)`
约束条件:
1. `PRIMARY KEY`:主键
2. `UNIQUE`:唯一性约束
3. `NOT NULL`:非空约束
4. `CHECK`:检查约束
创建用户表和角色表之间的关联:
```sql
CREATE TABLE Users (
user_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
role_id INT,
FOREIGN KEY (role_id) REFERENCES Roles(role_id)
);
CREATE TABLE Roles (
role_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
role_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
);
```