10. The first permanent settlement in North AmericaIt is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus's journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal" title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans' interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.　　The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America was nearly a hundred years after Columbus's first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.　　The first English settlement in North America was Jamestown (in honor of King James) in 1607. Its state Virginia is known as “the birthplace of a nation.” Virginia has a rich history, spanning from colonial times to the Civil War. Named after Elizabeth I, the "Virgin Queen," Virginia was one of the 13 original colonies. At first, the settlers hoped to be able to cultivate silk in Virginia but found that tobacco was much easier to produce. The final battle of the Revolutionary War was fought in Yorktown, and the colony became a state in 1788. Several presidents have originated from the state, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. During the Civil War, more than half of the battles were fought in Virginia. The Confederacy established Richmond as its capital, which is the capital of the state today. Visitors to Richmond can still visit the Museum of the White House of the Confederacy. 19. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?