答案:【计分规则】: A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.A lithium-ion battery is a family of rechargeable battery types in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to positive electrode during discharge, and back when charging.A solar cell (also called photovoltaic cell) is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Photoelectric effect:Electrons are emitted from a matter as a consequence of absorbing energy from electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength and high frequency, such as visible or ultraviolet radiation.A smart material is a material that has been designed to respond to a selected specific stimulus in a controlled and pre-determined fashion.